How is the Z is Pronounced in French

The letter Z has a relatively  straightforward pronunciation in French. It sounds like it does in English with one exception and that is when it goes silent. A quick French lesson will help you navigate the Z in every French word you come across. How to Pronounce the French 'Z' The letter Z in French is pronounced like the Z in English:  listen. Thats simple enough, but theres one twist to the Z in French as it  can also be a silent letter. This occurs in almost every instance  in which the Z appears at the end of a word.   For example, notice how you do not hear the Z in  chez moi  (at my house) and  le  riz  (rice). The exception to this is in simple nouns such as  le  gaz  (gas). Without the Z sound, it would simply be pronounced [ga]. Practice You 'Z' in French Using what you just learned about the French pronunciation of Z, practice saying these simple words. To check if you have the correct pronunciation, you can click on each word to hear how it should sound. bronzà ©Ã‚  (tan - adjective)treize  (thirteen)un  cache-nez  (muffler)vous avez  (you have)zapper  (to channel-hop, to change radio stations)zizanie  (ill-feeling)zà ©ro  (zero)zoo (zoo)

The 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots in India - 1175 Words

The 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots in India The Anti-Sikh riots in the 1984 year of riots had been anything in particular. People are aggrieved when they hear of the incident and narrate stories of how runaway crime could have increased on Sikhs during the time. The main reason for the advent of the riots was the shooting down of Mrs. Indira Gandhi in morning of 31 October 1984. The riots had started off in the evening just after her morning death. The information of the riots was already taken by Giyani Jail Singhji that meeting of congress leaders – Arun Nehru, HKL Bhagat and Jagdish Tytler and more were deciding to give a slogan called ‘khoon ka badla khoon’. The first riot took place in the evening near Delhi market of INA, near south Delhi. The riots were a challenge to the government to counter the overt insurgency effects, people security and unplanned measures. In revenge for the army raid she (Mrs. Indira Gandhi) had approved on Amritsar’s Golden temple the center of Sikh faith, occupied by major Sikh Nationalists, was the reason purported to be the fact on the riots gaining more fire. Officially, the 492 civilians as well as 83 soldiers had got killed in the operation. Also CBI the main investigating agency has been of the opinion that many such violence based riots might have also in this incident been supported with help of police and Central government. Later on the Rajiv Gandhi government had come to power and he had said about the incident as ‘when a big tree falls,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Indian government under the leadership of Indira Gandhi2163 Words   |  9 Pagesher first opportunity to govern the Republic of India as Prime Minister, following the death of Prime Minister Shastri. Even though she was governing as a reserve, Gandhi had her first campaign victory in the national elections of 1971. 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Micromax Product Manager Free Essays

Micromax is an Indian consumer electronics company located in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. It is one of the leading mobile phone manufacturers in India as well as in the world. According to industry analysts, as of 2012, Micromax leads the Indian tablet market with a share of 18. We will write a custom essay sample on Micromax Product Manager or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4%, ahead of Samsung and Apple, and is the third largest mobile phone vendor in terms of volume. In Jharkhand first showroom opened at LL03 HARIOM TOWER CERCULAR ROAD, RANCHI. From then the business has widespread all over Jharkhand but yet a lot of market opportunities are still left to achieve in this region. Since the owner of this showroom was first one to bring Micromax in Jharkhand thus he is only responsible to develop any business in required places. He is the owner of authorized Cnf (Carrying and Forwarding) of Micromax in Jharkhand. To modify the saturated market or decide a new market place, he suggested following duties and responsibilities to be performed as follows- * Investigate the economic conditions surrounding your small business activity such as industry trends and competition. Conduct extensive market research prior to starting up your business and continue gathering information throughout the life of the business. * Prepare a detailed business plan so you will not lose sight of your goals and objectives. * Secure sufficient financial resources for future development or expansion. * Contact professional advisors such as an accountant, banker and/or lawyer to provide expert information about your business. * Network with other small businesspeople; establish a support group. Remember, you are not alone. Attend workshops, trade shows, and seminars to keep up-to-date on changes in the industry. * Adopt a team approach; work with others in pursuing common goals. * Understand the skills and qualities you bring to your business. * Develop a situation analysis of your company including its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to assist in the development of a strategic plan for the future of the business. As we know the company is still in growth phase of PLC. Hence a product manager requires is to perform all his duty with proper routine and with honest. He is having following duties to be performed which he has classified according to preference or importance. Primary Duty In general, a business developer looks for ways to bring in more revenue to a company. This can mean anything from looking for new markets, partnering with other companies, selling new products to existing markets, or developing new products or services for a global market. The business developer must keep abreast of competitor’s strategies, such as their marketing plans and new products. In addition, the developer must have an in-depth knowledge of his company’s own products, marketing strategies and key demographics. Other Duties The company may give business developer responsibilities that come close to marketing and advertising. For example, the company may ask the developer to help the business create new products and market them as well. A business developer might also have to find new clients, negotiate with them and close those deals. Variation in Responsibilities The actual job responsibilities of a business developer depend on the needs of the company. In a large company, for instance, a developer may focus mostly on acquiring smaller companies that could take away market share. At a smaller company, the business development manager may spend most of his time obtaining corporate accounts and heading up product development projects. Considerations Anyone planning to enter into business should obtain some business development training. For instance, law firms often expect their associate lawyers to find new clients and generate six to eight billable hours each day. Business development training also prepares a worker for several other industries, such as sales and engineering. A successful developer needs strong analytical and research skills, people skills, and to know when to close a deal. In general, a business manager is responsible for running the business day-to-day. Whether, a managing director in a medium-sized company or a business unit director in a large corporate organization, this general management role is crucial to hold the business together, and to lead the changes which will ensure future success. How to cite Micromax Product Manager, Papers

Joan Of Arc Analysis Essay Example For Students

Joan Of Arc Analysis Essay In the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City the painting Joan of Arc by Jules Bastien-Lepage hangs in the B. Gerald Cantor Sculpture Gallery. This Piece is rather large and was done with oil paint on canvas, its dimensions being approximately eight feet tall with a width of ten feet. When walking toward Bastien-Lapages painting, its size and realism grabs ones attention, and then holds it while this scene of Joan of Arc seems to take place right before ones eyes. The corridor where the painting is displayed is part of the museums permanent collection. It is difficult to choose just one of Joans abnormalitys or shall I say syndromes according to her society, but the Chaste Syndrome describes her the best from my view.Joan being a virgin, which is none of my business or her communitys, and showing a venerance to God correlates closely to the image of the Virgin Mary. Joan being such a close resemblance to the Virgin Mary would allow her society to classify her under the Chaste Syndrome. Throughout the classroom reading assignment on Joan of Arc I get the impression she is pristine and wants nothing but to obey the voices of St. Catherine, and St. Margaret. When being interrogated she says, that the voices told her to fight boldly and God would help her. Joans society would have hopefully seen her under the Chaste Syndrome, she was one to be revered and emulated much like that of the Virgin Mary. In conclusion my opinion stands in disagreeance with Joans society for one reason, a syndrome is defined as a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterized a particular abnormality. What abnormality did Joan have? Joans society should have looked at her as a great woman that offered an abundance of great characteristics to France, not as a virgin tomboy who shamed its men by being a warrior queen. The ignorance of the time period is exemplified during the interrogations o

International Trade Essays - Economy Of Hong Kong,

International Trade Introductuion Hong Kong, the pearl of Asia has been the center of trade and finance in Asia since the early 20th century. In a short history of about 150 years, Hong Kong has become the source of growth for many nearby economies. In a certain sense, it can be even said that it is a merchant city founded and managed by businessmen. Traditional hongs or trade houses of Hong Kong were the pillar of the economy. Jardine Matheson and Hutchison were major hongs that led the economy and the Hong Kong & Shanghi Bank were the financier of these hongs and has today grown to become one of the largest bank in the world. These firms were the critical factors of the growth for Hong Kong's economy. Their role however has changed overtime. They are no longer the de facto leaders of Hong Kong as they were in the mid 1800's. Their role has diminished as Hong Kong grew to become more international, and the 1997 handover to the People's Republic of China has further altered their position. Some hongs that adapted well to the changing times prospered while others either went bankrupt or become stagnant. Background on Hong Kong Economy The territory of Hong Kong is located at the mouth of the Pearl River, a little southwest of the Guangdong Province of the PRC. Hong Kong was ceded to the British after the Opium War in 1842. Many believe that the British hongs were behind lobbying the British government into fighting the Chinese Government and the settlement of the island. Kowloon was annexed in 1860, and the New territories were leased for 99 years in 1898. In 1984, the British and the PRC government agreed that Hong Kong as a whole would return to Chinese soverienty in 1997. However, a system of one country two systems were also agreed upon where Hong Kong would retain its status as a free port, with it's laws remaining unchanged for 50 years. It's main emphasis is to preserve Hong Kong's laws and economic freedom, thus to enhance the position of Hong Kong as a economic center. The Large British owned hongs were originally trade and warehouse companies established by the British in the early days of Hong Kong colonialism, they have since grown in to major commerical conglomerates. They hold interest in cargo handling, manufacturing, real estate, and even retailing. They are the engine of the Hong Kong economy. Since Britain took over the port city in 1842 to use as a gateway to the Chinese markets, the business of Hong Kong had been business, and the power was held by the hongs. The first traditional hong was the Jardine Matheson. It was once seen to be more influential than the colonial government but nowadays it has become a minor player compared to Li Ka Shing's Hutchision Whampoa. Li Ka Shing, the Chairman or Taipan of Hutchision Whampoa, became the first Chinese to own a traditional hong. Li's drive and business ability helped foster Hutchision into a global conglomerate. Hong Kong Bank grew from a small trader's bank into one of the Top ten banks in the world today. Jardine Matheson Jardine, Matheson & Co. was founded by 2 Scottish merchants, William Jardine and James Matheson in Guangdong in 1832. It was an opium trader that were the pioneers into the China trade. Eventually James Matheson takes control from 1836. It played a key role in the founding of Hong Kong and became the first to purchase land from the colonial government in 1842. Jardine expanded into other trade products in other Asian countries like Japan and South East Asian countries and also enters the ship/cargo handling industry and the real estate business. After World War II, Jardine moved their head office from Shanghi back to Hong Kong and it offically goes public in the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1961. The 1970's saw Jardine forming many ventures and aquisitions such as the joint venture with the Robert Fleming of UK to create the Jardine Fleming & Co., a holding company the aquires many foreign and local firms and diversifies Jardine's business. The mid- 1980's saw some mismanagments and misguided aquisition especially after the 1984 Sino-British announcement on the

The Dan Harmon Story Circle 8 Simple Steps to a Powerful Structure

The Dan Harmon Story Circle 8 Simple Steps to a Powerful Structure The Dan Harmon Story Circle: What Authors Can Learn from Rick and Morty Writer Dan Harmon, the creator of TV’s Community, has a reputation for being a story structure evangelist. For over a decade, he’s been known to ‘break’ the stories he’s working on with a system he known as ‘The Embryo,’ ‘The Dan Harmon Story Circle,’ or just ‘The Story Circle.’ It’s an approach that many other writers have since adopted, including IT Crowd creator Graham Linehan. Zone of Comfort: Pip, a young orphan, lives a modest life on the moors.But they want something: He becomes obsessed with Estella, a wealthy girl of his age.They enter an unfamiliar situation: A mysterious benefactor plucks Pip from obscurity and throws him - a fish out of water - into London society.Adapt to it: He learns to live the high life and spends his money frivolouslyGet what they wanted: Pip is finally a gentleman, which he believes will entitle him/make him worthy of Estella.Pay a heavy price for it: Pip discovers that his money came from a convict, he drowns in debt, he regrets alienating his Uncle, he realizes that his pursuit of Estella is futile.Then return to their familiar situation: Pip makes peace with his Uncle Joe (who nurses him back to health). Pip disappears to Egypt for years, and once again returns home†¦Changed: Back once again where the story started, a now-humbled Pip reunites with Estella who, due to some plot, is ready to open her heart to him.Alt hough Great Expectation was a serial, written week-by-week, Dickens must have consciously or unconsciously been aware of this cycle. He sent his characters on a journey towards something they wanted -   only for them to pay the price and return home, changed.As with any sensible advice about structure, the takeaway here is not that you must slavishly adhere to a set formula or risk ruining your story. This story circle, along with other popular story structures like the three-act structure, are simply tools based on observations of stories that have managed to resonate with readers over the centuries. Just know this: if you find yourself at an impasse with any story you’re writing - you could do a lot worse than to crack out the story wheel, identify where you are, and see what comes next in the cycle.What other novels could you break down using the Dan Harmon Story Circle? Take your favorite book and tell us what all 8 plot points are in the comments below.

How Rifle Technology Changed the Civil War Essay

How Rifle Technology Changed the Civil War - Essay Example During the civil war, union forces used Gatling’s weapons on a limited basis (Shane Mountjoy). Its increased lethality and range undermined Napoleonic tactics. An infantryman with a rifled musket was a greater threat to artillerymen and cavalrymen (Moorehead). During the civil war, an infantry man with rifle was able to target an artilleryman before they were within the range of canister fire. With rifles, the infantry was able to attack the cavalry soldiers from a greater distance. So, the long range fire power of the rifle reduced the importance of artillery and cavalry. During the Napoleonic wars, they were the important forces. The changes in infantry fire power resulted in shifting emphasis from offence to defence. Napoleonic style warfare emphasised on strong offence for victory. The problem then was how to execute an offensive plan when the tactical defence was much stronger (Moorehead). Frontal attacks were usually avoided and attacked enemy’s flanks. The confederate forces, during the battle of Gettysburg, attacked the union flank at the Little Round Top. But, this operation resulted in heavy causalities for the offence. Offensive tactics were changed by the end of the war. Instead of massed lines, small groups were formed and fire and move tactics were used. When some men advanced, other men gave them protection. It was clear during the battle of Wilderness at Brock Road on 6 May 1864 and Laurel Hill on 8 May 1864, that defensive positions repelled attacks. So, for victory, it became necessary to attack the opponent before he establishes a

Aspects of Connected Speech - part 2 . research Thesis

Aspects of Connected Speech - part 2 . research - Thesis Example w?l] (ii) ‘No. I don’t think I will.’ Daniel: [w?l l l?s?n dn liv ?m ma? b?laf] (iii) ‘Well! Listen. Don’t leave on my behalf.’ [a? k? ?tz? ?ba?t? a?m ju? ?n? a? p s pas b?ha?nd ?s dn? ju das] (iv) ‘I think its about time you and I put this past behind us - don’t you Darc?’ [ lis? ste? f r? ?bde? drk w mi? j? ?m br h?] (v) ‘At least stay for a birthday drink with me and Bridg huh.’ Mark: [ba? brt] (vi) ‘Bye bridget’ Bridget: [mak] (vii) ‘Mark’ [wa? r ? ju h] (viii) ‘Why are you here?’ Daniel: [br a? s t?l? u wa j? a?m h] (ix) ‘Bridg I just told you why I’m here.’ [wa? w?z ma? wk? dasi h] (x) ‘Why was Mark wanker Darcy here?’ [ bl?di h?l we ? m?n?t hiz b?k] (xi) ‘Oh! Bloody hell! Wait a minute. He’s back.’ Mark: [?lra kliv r ? a?tsa?d] (xii) ‘Alright Cleaver, outside.’ Daniel: [a?m s?ri] (xiii) ‘Iâ€⠄¢m sorry?’ Mark: [a?tsa?d] (xiv) ‘Outside!’ Daniel: [d a? br ma? ?jul?m p?st?lz ? ma? s?d] (xv) ‘Should I bring my dualing pistols or my sword?’ [?lra h?l] (xvi) ‘Alright. ... The adjustment of the final nasal /n/ in ‘on’ to the bilabial articulation of /m/ in ‘my’ [?m ma?] in line (iii) is an instance of phonemic assimilation; the phoneme /n/ becomes the phoneme /m/ and thus shares the same attributes or features as the bilabial articulation of /m/. In this case, there is a single articulation of /m/ but it is lengthened in accordance with the final /m/ of the modified ‘on’ and the following initial /m/ of ‘my’. If the sound was not lengthened it would be heard as [?m a?], which is not considered natural to a native speaker of English. In line (v) we find another such assimilation with the words ‘and Bridg’, in which case the /d/ of ‘and’ is first dropped and the alveolar nasal /n/ assimilates with the following bilabial stop /b/; thus we find [?m br] instead of [?n br]. Similarly, phonemic assimilation is apparent in line (xv), which shows the final phoneme velar nasal /?/ in à ¢â‚¬Ëœdueling’ changing to the bilabial articulation of the initial bilabial /p/ in ‘pistols’ [?jul?m p?st?lz]; the nasal /?/ therefore shares the same attributes as the bilabial articulation of /p/. In line (ix) [t?l? u] we find further evidence of assimilation; this time however, it is likely the final alveolar /d/ of ‘told’ has assimilated in anticipation of the word initial palatal approximant /j/ of ‘you’ but because ‘you’ is unstressed the phonemes /d/ and /j/ have combined (coalesced) to arrive at [t?l? u]. This would be unlikely to happen if the word ‘you’ was stressed, wherein we would probably hear [t?l? ju]. In line (xv) we find further evidence of coalescent assimilation but this time within a word rather than across

Families Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Families - Essay Example While men are often looked at as the fundamental breadwinners for the family, it becomes quite difficult for some to provide their children with the time and association they require. Children require contact and interaction. Most men complain that they lack association with their father simply because their fathers did not provide for them when they needed them. Men tend to reserve more time for their children than what they had been given by their fathers. Most fathers tend to feel protective about their children besides letting them out and explore their world on their own. This is so because they are aware of all the threats their children might encounter because they did face them themselves. Many fathers in the present age have lived a much free and leveraged childhood in terms of freedom as compared to what their children are allowed. Childhood in the past was enriched with an outdoor taste while today, outdoor games have been replaced with technical indoor activities, both related to school and otherwise. Today’s fathers are more protective towards their children. Many fathers tend to provide their children with sufficient leverage so that they can decide their future as per their interests and aptitude. Many children might even consider this a neglect on the part of the parents, but it is a fact that in most cases, parents hardly have time to help their child with his/her studies. However, parents do all to ensure that the child gets the finest education available. I think the authors have been quite rational in their realization of the four traits of fatherhood. Good fatherhood is an integration of provision, protection, endowment and emotional closeness. These are four factors many men miss about their relationship with their fathers. Emotional closeness is the most fundamental trait of fatherhood that decides the level of intimacy a father would develop with his children. Fathers need to provide their children with time,

Nationalisation of Royal Bank of Scotland

Nationalisation of Royal Bank of Scotland Purpose The purpose of this report is to discuss the change in Royal Bank of Scotland indicated by the companys nationalization in 2008. Shareholders lost the most part of the company in favour of the government and management of the bank had to be changed. The purpose will be fulfilled by analyzing the process of nationalization and its implications for RBS. Theoretical literature provides a lot of models of change management and strategic management. For example, Ansoff (1987) model suggests four quadrants of strategy. Companies can grow by penetrating the market and winning larger market share while competitors share will shrink. Firms can also develop their key products which are their strength and this will be a strategy for expansion. The third Ansoffs (1987) strategy would be to diversify the products and operations to achieve growth. Finally, the company can choose to pursue market development which is entering new geographical areas or new niches that will help generate higher revenue. The case of RBS represents this final model of market development. The banks pursued the new market of mortgage backed securities in the US through acquisition of ABN Amro. This strategy appeared to be unsuccessful and led the bank into a position where accounting losses reached tremendous value of over 30 billion pounds in 2008 and led to national ization of the bank by the UK government. Company Overview Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc is a banking corporation with its branch Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) that is spread around United Kingdom with almost 700 sub-branches, located in Scotland, England and Wales and is one of the largest banks in UK. It was founded in 1727 and is the first bank introducing overdraft availability to its clients. Since its foundation, RBS expanded greatly, with big number of acquisition deals, such as its acquisition of NatWest Group in 2000, First Active (Ireland), Charter One (USA) , Churchill Insurance (UK) and ABN Amro (Netherlands) in 2007 (House of Commons Treasury Committee, 2008). The Royal Bank of Scotland still uses a privilege of printing its own banknotes. Until 2009, it was one of the main shareholders of the Bank of China, but had to sell its shares after the global financial crisis impact. RSB is still in the list of worlds largest banks, being on 6th position in 2003, 10th in 2007 and 19th in 2008 (Financial Ranks Online, 2009). Financial performance of RBS was changing in the last years. In 2005 group operating profit rose by 16%, with total dividend for the year increase by 25%, with capital and earnings increase. During 2006, RBS showed great results and continuing growth, with increased dividends by 25% with total income growth by 10%. With unstable position in the market and in global financial system, RBS had some problems, but managers were working toward control of the situation, however growth of the operating profit decreased by 9%, earnings per share by 18% and return on equity 19.9%. The company faced big net losses of around 7.9 billion pounds. In the 2009 bank entered hard times with reorganization in management field and in structure. (RBS Annual Report, 2005-2009). Due to changing situation in the global economy, in 2008 Royal Bank of Scotland announced its greatest loss in the banks history with the amount of 692 million pounds that was connected to unhealthy loans and 71 billion pounds as a result of incorrect deal of acquiring ABN Amro (Bradley, 2009). Prior to the global financial crisis RBS have had great profit margins and was a respected brand with long history. And it is necessary to mention that the bank was at great position in terms of facing crisis, with little impact until the decision of getting ABN Amro, which brought various problems. In 2008-2009 UK citizens were under shock of the fact that one of the largest UK banking system representatives had incredible losses and unpredictable future. At this position RBS had one way to survive seek government support. However not all UK banks suffered from consequences of global financial crisis, which can be connected with accurate and carefully planned management strategy. RBS have got some capital of about 2 billion pounds from selling its share in Bank of China and after giving up part of Linea Directa, a Spanish insurance company for about 4.5 billion pounds. However, it did not help to make a radical change of the situation (Bradley, 2009). According to Hester, current Chief Executive of the RBS Group (2009), great losses of the Group had nothing to do with management of businesses as their performance was profitable. However problems appeared mainly in two divisions Global Banking Markets and Asia Retail Commercial Banking. Their profits were crushed by market and credit losses, within fast changes in the economic conditions. At the same time top managers of the Royal Bank of Scotland were facing risks of acquisition and had limited time to make decisions. Global financial crisis had its impact in different countries, affecting economies and markets especially in terms of exchange rates. Here, decrease in sterling exchange rate had an influence on further performance of the bank and changing market position intensified the situation (Hester, 2009). In spite of the fact that financial situation became critical for many banks, RBS was still having serious and stable business. Top management was taking steps to recover from crisis consequences, in order to return capital and provide stable ground for future operation such steps included applying to government support. The strategic plan for recovery was supposed to be finished in 2009, meanwhile the focus is on long-term customer franchises, quality and profitability. Royal Bank of Scotland can be an example of the fact that in terms of global financial crisis even big and powerful organisations can face danger. It is the biggest UK company that suffered from the global economic crash. Today it is still far from recovery, having bad loans and loss before tax in the beginning of 2009 was around 44 million pounds. From the forecasts, 2009 and 2010 will still be challenging for the RBS with main focus on debt returns. Now, after current management revision, directors of RBS are more confident of future recovery and success (The Telegraph, May 2009). New Chief Executive supports the position that management must stay calm and take steps for a slow but effective recovery, rather than fast and wasting strategies in order to save more that to spend (Murchie, 2009). However, human resource management of the bank is not so confident and planning to shorten around 9000 jobs, which is about 20%. It is believed that this action will help to decrease costs of around 3 billion dollars (Global Crisis News, 2009). Moreover, RBS represented the worst results in the market, being at the bottom of banking sector in September 2009 (Frei, 2009). Aspects of Nationalisation According to Encyclopedia Britannica, nationalisation is â€Å"alteration or assumption of control or ownership of private property by the state† (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2009) with several variations in the types and motives. Nationalisation usually appears through assets or shares taken over, and this can help the company to continue its business but under control of the government. If the company is nationalised by government it can continue to produce and operate, getting some revenue and have some returns on shares. Usually this process is followed by structural reorganisation, including traditional administrative strategy and style of control (Backhaus and Wagner, 2004). As a fact, nationalisation can come in the form of expropriation, if the previous owners do not get compensation for the business and in the form of rescue tool or governmental support. Not every company can get such support; it is usually a privilege of the companies and corporations that have national importance and heritage. There is a number of examples in the UK history of nationalisation, which helped to reorganise the structure of the company as well as to get financial support (Floud and McCloskey, 1994). It is believed that nationalisation started in the UK in 1908 after the establishment of Port of London Authority with the necessity of production control (Beardshaw and Ross, 2001). Some researches mention negative effects of nationalisation, pointing that it can damage economy and banking sector. One of the problems is decreasing competitiveness, especially in banking sector (Lee, 2007). Also, financial institutions and government avoid participating in management as it can lead to further recalls of nationalisation. And when the company fails to use management as an appropriate tool, the chance of mistake gets bigger with a cause of future nationalisation (Cuthbert and Dobbins, 1980). Mainly, nationalisation has political or economic aspects and motives. When government has power to control specific corporations and their production as well as financial position, it can use the company as an instrument to correct economy. In addition, government can provide more accurate and efficient capital and assets diversification. If the company is fully nationalised, government becomes the owner of the business and has to deal with its problems and debts. Nationalisation is connected to economy, here in order to have more attractive economy, government trying to stabilise financial system through bad assets escape. There are still debates around the necessity of nationalisation and its problems. On the other hand, there is a view that this process must have temporary term, and government acts more as guardian of the company or bank for the hard period. However, one must consider that the process of nationalisation must be done correctly and carefully, with revision of all advantages and disadvantages (Richardson, 2009). Looking at the advantages of the nationalisation first comes its ability to save the company or in our case the bank from heavy and senseless assets, which were collected over the time and are representing thread of bankruptcy. This will include separation such assets from the business allowing operating more efficiently. Unnecessary assets then can be put for sale or managed by another organisation and the bank, free from problematic sectors can continues to operate. In addition, nationalization can help to restructure top management, getting rid of dilettantish approach of operating the business (Richardson, 2009). RBS is also supporting this fact and according to Montia (2009), is now selling some of its asset management business with managed capital of 30 billion pounds. In addition, it is possible that RBS will have to sell more of its business and even at the very low price that is now at the market. It is also a part of the Chief Executives recovery plan for the RBS to separa te troubled divisions from working ones with further selling of non-core parts of the business (Bradley, 2009). Without considering the advantage of nationalisation, government can continue to give money support to the banks that are big and important for the economy, but this can create the situation, where nothing will be changed and achieved. Government support can give a privilege of a competitive advantage, for example, Northern Rock could cut its prices in mortgages and insurance and attract new customers. Among disadvantages of nationalisation is management problem. In reality it is very difficult to find right and appropriate human capital for each bank in order to manage them properly. Still there will be a chance of risks regarding new borrowings, credits and market position. And these risks are now to be taken by the owner. Again the problem of unnecessary assets appears and banks need to get rid of then, basically on very low prices. In this situation market will have clear advantages of nationalisation, while banks will suffer. In addition, nationalisation is very challenging to the government. It must find labor force and money to finance the process. Future performance of the company also depends on who will be in charge could be government itself or another managing company (Richardson, 2009). In order to avoid afterward problems, other options and decisions must be revised before the final decision of nationalisation. The company must stay efficient and respond to the market and global changes in time. Management must stay open and react quickly in order to avoid critical point. Change Process: Nationalisation of RBS In the beginning it is important to discuss global economic situation which caused problems in RBS and necessity of taking radical directions, including nationalisation. UK banking sector was under pressure of economic crisis 2006-2009 and is still recovering. It all started from the US sub-prime mortgage crisis and reached the rest of the world at the beginning of 2007 with increasing debts. Most of all crisis hit banking sector, central banks and international banks worldwide. As a result the Bank of England had to decrease interest rates, and all banks were under risk of failure (Rayner, 2008). Current crisis was named the worst for the last 75 years with negative effects on many types of businesses and customers expectations (Altman, 2009). During this time period management was facing great challenges, especially risk management. In addition, it is obvious from current crisis practice that risk management can help to win the race and using various models and strategies matters (Varma, 2009). Spreading from United Stated over Europe and UK crisis attacked banking sector. UKs economy is connected to the US through trade and loans and borrowings. As a result of the continuing bankruptcy of banks, some tried to avoid it through help request from government. The first bank that was fully nationalised in UK is Northern Rock, followed by the Lloyds Banking Group with partial control from the government. Some researchers put nationalisation under meaning of rescue, and as a fact not all banks or companies were getting such rescuing package from the UK government. In the case of Northern Rock, decision was made according to the point that this bank is special and its failure can cause growing instability in the UK banking sector (Tomasic, 2008). This also can be true about the Royal Bank of Scotland as it is bank with great history, representing Scottish nation as part of Britain, with its own printed banknotes and heritage. In spite of the fact that many banks across the world were put into critical situation, having choices of selling just assets or banks itself, not many were rescued (Woods, Humphrey, Dowd, Liu, 2009). In the report of the House of Commons Treasury Committee (April, 2008) it is discussed that in October 2008 RBS introduced new plan of rescue with capital amount of 20 billion pounds, however, shareholders were getting unattractive returns and government had to rescue RBS through acquisition of major part of its shares. At that time point nationalisation was inevitable in relation to future life of the RBS. Looking at the managerial problems that caused such consequences it can be pointed that RBSs top management along with its prior Chief Executive, Sir Fred Goodwin was taking over optimistic decisions as well as misunderstanding of the critical situation. Wrong decisions were made due to fast process of the economic worsening in UK and globally. According to Hester, RBS was suffering from great downturn due to prior decisions. In addition wrong risk management strategies that were adopted at that time made even worse, in particular control issues. It seems that RBS had a great balance sheet for a long time period and was not prepared for immediate change. In 2007, RBS made a crucial decision of taking over ABN Amro bank, in cooperation with Fortis and Santander banks, this resulted in RBSs independence of private organization. Acquisition of the ABN Amro was a wrong step to take in the thread of economic crisis which made RBS unable to finish its strategic plan. Newly formed group was defenseless in the worsening situation of market changes (House of Commons Treasury Committee, 2008). The step of huge expenditure, acquiring ABN Amro in wrong time, could have been avoided by managers of RBS. Even more, loss of around 72 billion Euros intensified critical situation. Managerial decisions of this acquisition were made without disclose of credit and asset problems in ABN Amro prior to the deal. In addition, this decision was influenced by shareholders, here 94.5% of them agreed on acquisition and it may appear that they pressed top management to finish the deal. However, RBS directors and top managers agreed about the deal with unanimity. Consequence of this deal is big loss in 2008 of around 30 billion pounds instead of assumed profit. The change associated with acquisition of ABN Amro was a representation of Ansoffs (1987) market development strategy. RBS attempted to expand into the US market geographically and in addition the company attempted to profit from dealing with US mortgage backed securities. However, the failure of the strategy caused the banks to suffer losses and request the help from the government which acquired the shares of the business. The process of nationalisation of the RBS began with basic rescue program. In October 2008, RBS started new strategic program in order to increase capital. One of the solutions was to offer ordinary shares at a price of 65.5 pence per share. The offer consisted shares for 15 billion pounds. HM Treasury has got around 12% for 5 billion pounds and later on around 57.9% of shares were acquired by the Government. Decisions that were made by RBS and Government were directed to the achievement of more stable bank position and additional resources for strength and further capital enlargement. Government and the bank deny that there was a strategy of total nationalisation and when financial position of RBS will be stable, it will again be under private ownership (Webster, 2008). It can be argued that this nationalization is an example of emergent change rather than planned strategy (Whittington, 1993). Emergency was caused by the high dependency of the bank on the inflow of cash for sustaining its operations. Whittington (1993) proposed four basic approaches to strategy. These can be classified as classical, systematic, evolutionary and processual. Classical approach suggests that the companys strategy would be to maximize profit. Evolutionary approach suggests that the environment will select the strongest businesses. The systematic approach suggests that social environment will determine business strategy. The change in RBS is processual because it implies that the company consists of different stakeholders who have their own interests and ambitions. The goal of the management is to satisfy the interest of each stakeholder. If RBS was not nationalized and this changed was not made, the society, employees and even shareholders would suffer negative effects. However, it can be argued that the nationalization might have hurt shareholders even more because the value of their equity has gone down as the share price plummeted. PEST Analysis of RBS The change in the organization connected with the process of nationalization can be reflected in the PEST analysis of the company: Political Factors The Ownership of the bank is changed in favour of the UK government; Bail out was done out of the UK government budget; Support of the government will have positive effects on financial matters; Governments support will cause managers to act in the interests of the government rather than shareholders. Economic Factors Interest rates declined; so demand for lending can rise; Financial Crisis in the UK and the world may further deteriorate performance of the banks and additional capital may be required from the government. Social Factors The change in the bank is also connected with restructuring of the company and lay offs; Rising unemployment is a negative consequence of business failures such as RBS. Technological Factors Technologies are constantly improving and this facilitates the banking business of RBS because some costs are being reduced and the work is being optimised; However, since the ownership of the company changed from shareholders to the government, management will be rather interested in meeting the objectives of the government rather than optimising the work with new technologies. Conclusion Royal Bank of Scotland is now almost entirely owned by British government around 70%. Today, RBS is among first banks to enter new program named asset protection plan. In 2009 RBS had suffered of worst loss of about 24.1 billion pounds and adopted plan of survival. Some analysts point that as the RBS is not fully nationalised it can still face the risks and fail to satisfy investors expectations. As resent investors rate increased with great returns there is number of requests to have RBS fully nationalised (Werdigier, 2009). It is hard to judge whether RBS could have avoid nationalisation in the situation when it is hard to turn back and see other choices. However, there were some managerial mistakes that could have been avoided. Poor change management was not ready to face difficulties and get over them. Besides the acquisition of the ABN Amro that was already discussed, there was another managerial mistake of continuing dividend increase after the change in earnings that were decreasing. Trying to attract new investors with high dividends and please current shareholders, management put the business under risk of failure. After the ABN Amro deal, this, along with unhealthy assets that were not sold in time had lead RBS to the final step of nationalisation. Being attractive for investors and shareholders for a short time period RBS created consequences where investors of the company became most affected by nationalisation. Prior to the crisis RBS was a profitable company with attractive position. Later on there was a decrease of the UK shares market and dramatic drop in RBS share prices. Overall at the point that RBS entered in 2008, nationalisation seems to be the last chance of survival. It can give some extra time to make new strategic plan and to recover from the financial instability. There is still a chance for RBS in the future to become profitable, independent and private company. References Altman, R.C. (2009) The Great Crash, 2008 , Foreign Affairs, January/February [Online]. Available at http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/63714/roger-c-altman/the-great-crash-2008# [Accessed 27 October 2009]. Ansoff, I. (1987) Strategic Management, New York: Wiley Backhaus, J.G., Wagner, R.E. (2004) Handbook of public finance, Birkhà ¤user, pp. 554. Beardshaw, J., Ross, A. (2001) Economics: a students guide, Pearson Education, pp.740. Bradley, J. (2009) ‘RBS tipped for  £1.5bn Profit a Year After Crash, The Scotsman, July 19, [Online]. Available at http://business.scotsman.com/business/RBS-tipped-for-15bn-profit.5473605.jp [Accessed 29 October 2009]. Cuthbert, N., Dobbins, R. (1980) ‘Managerial Participation by Pension Funds and Other Financial Institutions, Managerial Finance, Vol.6, 3: 43-48. Encyclopedia Britannica (2009) ‘Nationalization, [Online]. Available at http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/405796/nationalization [Accessed 28 October 2009]. Financial Ranks (2008) ‘Worlds Largest Banks 2008 Update, [Online]. Available at http://financialranks.com/?p=69 [Accessed 27 October 2009]. Floud, R., McCloskey, D.N. (1994) The Economic History of Britain since 1700 3 volume set, Cambridge University Press, UK, pp.400. Frei, E. (2009) ‘RBS leads 100, London banking sector lower, Finance Markets, September 21, [Online]. Available at http://www.financemarkets.co.uk/2009/09/21/rbs-leads-100-london-banking-sector-lower/ [Accessed 29 October 2009]. Global Crisis News (2009) ‘Royal Bank of Scotland to cut 9000 Jobs, April 7, [Online]. Available at http://www.globalcrisisnews.com/europe/royal-bank-of-scotland-to-cut-9000-jobs/id=775/ [Accessed 29 October 2009]. Hester, S. (2009) ‘Group Chief Executives Review, RBS Annual Report and Accounts 2008, [Online]. Available at http://www.rbs.com/microsites/gra2008/gce_review/index.html [Accessed 27 October 2009]. House of Commons Treasury Committee (2008) ‘Banking Crisis: Dealing With the Failure of the UK Banks, 7th report of session 2008-2009, April 21, [Online]. Available at http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmtreasy/416/416.pdf [Accessed 27 October 2009]. Lee, Kam-Hon (2007) ‘Chinese Banking in Asias Market Economies, Marketing Panoramic Review, Vol. 2: 24-26. Montia, G. (2009) ‘RBS to sell asset management business, September 28, [Online]. Available at http://www.bankingtimes.co.uk/28092009-rbs-to-sell-asset-management-business/ [Accessed 29 October 2009]. Murchie, K. (2009) ‘RBS boss fears ‘lost decade, Finance Markets, September 13, [Online]. Available http://www.financemarkets.co.uk/2009/09/13/rbs-boss-fears-%e2%80%98lost-decade%e2%80%99/ [Accessed 29 October 2009]. Rayner, G. (2008) Financial crisis: Stock markets across world fall amid emergency bank rescues, The Telegraph, 08 October, [Online]. Available at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/financialcrisis/3160869/Financial-crisis-Stock-markets-across-world-fall-amid-emergency-bank-rescues.html [Accessed 27 October 2009]. RBS Annual Report and Accounts (2005) [Online]. Available at http://www.shareholder.com/visitors/dynamicdoc/document.cfm?CompanyID=RBSdocumentID=1108PIN=209446200resizeThree=noScale=100Keyword=type%20keyword%20herePage=6 [Accessed 27 October 2009]. RBS Annual Report and Accounts (2006) [Online]. Available at http://www.rbs.com/microsites/gra2006/default.asp [Accessed 27 October 2009]. RBS Annual Report and Accounts (2007) [Online]. Available at http://www.rbs.com/microsites/gra2007/index.asp [Accessed 27 October 2009]. RBS Annual Report and Accounts (2008) [Online]. Available at http://www.rbs.com/microsites/gra2008/index.html [Accessed 27 October 2009]. Richardson, M. (2009) ‘The Case For and Against Bank Nationalization, VOX, [Online]. Available at http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/3143 [Accessed 28 October 2009]. The Telegraph (2009) ‘RBS expects bad loans to mount in 2009, May 8, [Online]. Available at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/5294644/RBS-expects-bad-loans-to-mount-in-2009.html [Accessed 29 October 2009]. Tomasic, R. (2008) ‘The Rescue of Northern Rock: Nationalization in the Shadow of Insolvency, Corporate Rescue and Insolvency, Vol. 1, 4: 109-111. Varma, J.R. (2009) ‘Risk Management Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis for Derivative Changes, Indian Institute of Management working paper, February, pp. 2-26. Webster, P. (2008) ‘Royal Bank of Scotland under State Control, The Times, October, 13, [Online]. Available at http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article4932250.ece [Accessed 29 October 2009]. Werdigier, J.(2009) ‘Record Loss at Royal Bank of Scotland, The New York Times, February 26, [Online]. Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/27/business/worldbusiness/27rbos.html?_r=1 [Accessed 27 October 2009]. Woods, M., Humphrey, C., Dowd, K., Liu, Y. (2009) ‘Crunch Time For Bank Audits? Questions of Practice and the Scope for Dialogue, Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 24, 2: 114-134.

Otto Von Bismarck :: History People Historical Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamerow begins his introduction with a defense of the theory that history is determined by the great people of society or The Great Man Theory of history. He goes on to say that â€Å"They are the makers of the world in which we live. Otto Von Bismarck belongs in this Company.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The controversies surrounding his life still go on between historians today. He is portrayed as a destroyer of liberty and also as a compromiser of liberalism. Some see Bismarck as trying to preserve the old order of Europe. Bismarck worked against liberal plans for unification of Germany but stood proudly in the Hall of Mirrors in Versailles as the German Empire he helped to create was proclaimed. Bismarck as man and as statesman has been a point of interests for many history scholars’ interpretations. Bismarck’s empire lasted only 20 years after him. Bismarck believed that armed force was necessary in relations among governments – Blood and Iron his methods. Through three successful wars Bismarck united Germany. With the creation of the 2nd German Reich Germany become the strongest nation on the continent. After the union of the German states Bismarck became an outspoken activist for peace on the continent. Bismarck never succumbed to the te mptation of conquest. Bismarck led the German people to empire but is criticized by not training the nation in self-governing. Bismarck never talked about racial supremacy or unlimited conquest. He believed in a balance of power resting upon the existence of strong nation states. Introduction Evaluation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamerow’s introduction gives a very good foundation of German history and review of his and others thoughts on Bismarck. He sets up very well a good basis for what the rest of the book will be about. He puts out several different areas of consideration on Bismarck that will later be discussed in the book and keeps it interesting. A Country Squire   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At a young age Bismarck was more interested in his estates and farming than in politics. Even in his later years he kept watch over his estate in Vorzin. It was during these years that he learned to know the land and its people well. This knowledge was to aid him later in his political career. Much of his earlier life was spent on his lands and it is from here that he learned to love Germany. He believed later in life that it was country life that made people more practical and city life took away from life.

Use of a Redox Indicator to show Dehydrogenase Activity

Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (also known as T.T.C) is an example of an artificial hydrogen acceptor. It is a redox indicator which is colourless when oxidised, however when reduced, it produces a red, insoluble precipitate called ‘formazans'. T.T.C can therefore be used to investigate the enzyme activity of dehyrogenase enzymes by showing a colour change when they are present. The purpose of this experiment is to see what effect temperature has on the activity of dehydrogenase enzymes within yeast cells. Materials/Apparatus: * Actively respiring yeast suspension. This is prepared by adding 10g of dried yeast to 1dm3 of distilled water, followed by mixing in 50g of glucose. This mixture should be allowed to stand for 24 hours before the experiment takes place. * Tiphenyl tetrazolium chloride is used as a redox indicator to investigate the activity of dehydrogenase enzymes when yeast suspension is exposed to different temperatures. * Distilled water for the preparation of the yeast suspension. * Test tubes to place the mixture of yeast and T.T.C. * Test tube rack to allow the test tubes to stand upright in the water baths. * Incubator to allow enzyme activity to occur at different temperatures * Syringes to accurately measure the right amount of yeast and T.T.C needed for each solution. * A Glass rod to evenly distribute the cells in the solution after the T.T.C has been added. * Crushed ice to allow the dehyrogenase activity to take place at 10degrees. * Beakers for the yeast suspension to be prepared in. * Thermometer to measure the temperature of the water bath containing the ice cubes. * Stopwatch to measure the time taken for the solution to change colour. NOTE: The colour change is completed once the solution has turned a ‘salmon pink' colour. Allow all solutions to reach the same colour before removing them from the water baths. Method: Prepare a solution of yeast cells by adding 10g of dried yeast to 1dm3 of distilled water, followed by mixing in 50g of glucose. This mixture should be allowed to stand for 24 hours before the experiment takes place. Once the yeast suspension has been allowed to stand for 24 hours, the froth should be removed and discarded. Set up a water bath by adding ice cubes to cold water, until the water has reached 10degrees. Continue to measure the temperature with a thermometer ensuring that the temperature is maintained. Set up separate incubators at 30, 40, 50 and 60 degrees. Using a syringe, place 5cm of yeast suspension into three separate test tubes and place in the incubator. Leave for several minutes and then add 0.5cm of T.T.C into each solution and place them back into the incubator set at 30degrees. Start the stopwatch immediately. Observe carefully for any colour changes that have developed. When the colour change has taken place, take the test tubes out of the incubator and note down the time taken for the colour change to take place. Repeat this procedure at 20, 40, 50 and 60 degrees. To measure the dehydrogenase activity at 20 degrees, carry out this procedure at room temperature. Table of results: Temperature (degrees) Time taken for colour change to occur (minutes) 10 No change 20 52.11 30 26.12 40 10.08 50 4.22 60 4.43 A bar graph has been produced to portray these results so that a comparison can clearly be seen. The graph has been drawn on graph paper. Conclusion: The results from this experiment indicate that temperature has a definite affect on the activity of dehydrogenase enzymes. The graph shows that as the temperature increases, the time taken for the solution to change colour decreases. This shows that dehyrogenase enzymes work faster at a higher temperature as there was no colour change when the T.T.C was added to the yeast suspension at 10 degrees. The temperature at which the dehydrogenase enzymes worked at their quickest was 50 degrees. This indicates that 50 degrees is the optimum temperature for the enzyme activity to take place as the colour change took slightly longer when placed in a water bath set at 60 degrees. This may be due to the fact that some of the dehydrogenase enzymes could have been denatured due to the high temperature. However, it is not quite clear whether 50 degrees is the optimum temperature for the enzyme activity to take place because this experiment took place using a limited amount of temperature ranges. If this investigation was to be repeated, a wider range of temperatures could be used so that an optimum temperature could be established. Overall, the results from this experiment support the hypothesis and therefore have provided successful and sufficient data which have confirmed the predictions that were made prior to the investigation taking place.

The State of The Canadian Econ essays

The State of The Canadian Econ essays The Canadian Economy has been shaken, stirred and chilled. Stocks have crashed, jaws have fallen, and it has taken years off the lives of some buisnessmen. Even though there are many fears that of a recession is due, because of the state of the United States economy, it is safe to say at this time we are secure but we have a rocky road ahead. I feel that there will be a growth at about 3%. Jean Chretien states that he is not worried at all about a recession, with consumer confidence running high, our economy is running smooth. Chretien says that we are in a surplus position, we are paying down the debt, taxes will be reduced, and the country is being prepared for the year 2001. We are standing in a good position, as long as we can keep consumer spending up, taxes down and a comfortable surplus, we will continue to be safe from recession. Canadas economy shows the best results in five months in October, Economic growth has soared since 1998, and has continued to rise. Though analysts caution a slowdown is ahead, because of the United States consumer sales drop, because of our high consumer spending and positive economic growth, we will continue to sit secure through the recession scare. Ontarios Finance Minister Ernie Eves has found $1.4 billion, using one billion towards Ontarios debt, taking it down to $112 billion. With Ontarios flourishing economy, which has grown 5.5%. The Finance Minister received an extra $2 billion in revenue, and this is expected to grow 3.7% in 2001. The jobless rate dropped 6.8% in December, meaning that consumer spending will rise, and government spending will drop (welfare numbers will fall), which means for now we are secure, the only worry is the fall of the United States economy. As the economy drops, growth slows down thus ensuring a drop in jobless rate and consumer spending. The clouds towards a recession ...

Oddyseus essays

Oddyseus essays In the Odyssey, Homer created the character Odysseus. There are many sides to his personality. The book shows Odysseus as a family man. It shows him as a compassionate man. He also makes mistakes and has weaknesses. In the Odyssey, Odysseus shows his love for his family. He surmounts many obstacles and gets back home to Ithaca. There his faithful wife, Penelope, and his son Telemachus awaited his return. He wanted to be with his family so badly that he turned down immortality and life with the beautiful goddess, Calypso, in exchange to get back home. When he reaches Ithaca, he fights and kills the suitors that wanted to steal his home and family. Other traits in Odysseus' character are his compassion and patience. For example, in the book he shows his concern and compassion on Circe's Island. She transformed his men into pigs. After he found out, he put his own life in danger, and saved his crew. Odysseus' patience is also an important trait. He thinks things through before he acts. His patience has spared him and his men many times in the story. He uses this back in Ithaca when he was an old beggar. He waited for the right time to reveal his identity. On the other hand, Odysseus still had many human weaknesses. He was too proud and boastful. This shows when him and his men were on the island of the cyclopes. Their ship had already left the island safely. But Odysseus brags about what he did to Polythemus. The giant hears this and throws boulders towards their ship. The ship came very close to sinking. He accidently gives his name away and Polythemus calls Poseidon to punish him. This incident e ...

Organizational Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational Strategy - Assignment Example The level of input and the outcomes is also a major factor to be considered. The second stage is to think of how to change the current situation. Discover all areas that change requires implementation, and how to go about it. The final stage is to think of where one would want to reach and within what period. This creates a motivation to put more effort in implementing the change. Ones the changes are being implemented, there is a need to evaluate their efficiency and if they are competent, they should constantly be implemented (Kaufman, 2003). Celebrating the hard work is done once the desired outcomes are achieved. Change requires commitment and persistence. Organizational changes are usually painful and, especially, to those with the status quo, therefore, there is a requirement for all those involved to accept the need for change. Many are the time people involved persist the change and tend to be confused with the happenings (Plas, 1999). Organizational management is a big task and therefore, there should be sponsors and advisors who will advise according to change implementation. In today’s market, organizations need to implement changes due to the completion and the technological changes that are occurring in the

Hr proposal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hr proposal - Research Paper Example However, this dictatorial leadership style is not suitable for an organization that needs to enhance its capabilities and reach. For growth to take place, it is important for the leadership to not simply be about control, but understand the need to allow for other members of the organization to be as responsible for the achievement of goals as the management. A centric leadership structure can take away the culture of innovation and expression from an organization resulting in significant labour turnover as well as loss of productivity, due to dissatisfaction among the workforce. The key obstacle to any change in leadership comes from the top management itself. This is due to the control factor that has been exercised by these members that a change to the structure is regarded as a loss for the company. Leaders seldom wish to forego power that allows them to hold the ultimate control in the position they hold. The factor that is missing from the perception is that leaders are primarily the visionaries of organizations, and must leave the management to the other members of the organizations. Similarly, managers must pass along responsibilities in the labour line so as to increase the sense of belonging among the workforce, by harbouring a feeling of achievement in the overall workings of the organization. In order to manage and support the change, a collaborative approach must be undertaken by the management. This signifies an increase in involvement of all employees in the structuring of processes and procedures by the management, as well as allowing for a greater degree of understanding to be created regarding the vision and objectives of the organization. By understanding the needs of the employees, and bringing an open platform of communication, the management will be able to manage the change in culture that is to be established, while also creating a medium for the resolution of any conflict